Electronic Payment System

UNIT – 3 Electronic Payment System Contents †¢ What is E-payment? †¢ Types of E-payment Systems †¢ Digital Token-based Electronic Payment Systems †¢ Smart Cards & Electronic Payment Systems †¢ Credit Card-based Electronic Payment Systems †¢ Risk & Electronic Payment Systems †¢ Designing Electronic Payment System What is E-payment ? †¢ E-payment systems is the mechanism of transferring money over the Internet and technology used in this transfer is called as EFT. EFT defined as â€Å" any transfer of fund initiated through an e-terminal, telephonic instrument, or computer or magnetic tape to order, instruct or authorize a financial institution to debit or credit an account. It is mostly used for Business to business (B2B) commerce where companies doing business together tend to use electronic data interchange (EDI) system to send each other bills and notices of payment. E-Payment †¢ Information online offline $Products/services Adva ntages of E-Payment †¢ †¢ †¢ Increase payment efficiency – Reduce transaction costs – Enable trade in goods and services of very low value Increase convenience of making payments – Payment can be made swiftly and remotely using various devices Can be used for – e-commerce / e-Trade – For other purposes like paying bills, taxes, etc MBA-II, EBF (FT-204C) Unit-3, Study material compiled by Prof. Vanita Joshi, SOM, SIMS, Indore 1Categories of EFT Banking and financial payments * Large-scale or wholesale payment * Small scale or retail payment * Home banking Retailing payments * Credit cards * Debit cards On-line electronic commerce payments * Token-based payment system ~ Electronic cash ~ Electronic checks ~ Smart cards or debit cards * Credit card-based payment systems ~ Encrypted credit cards ~ Third-party authorization numbers Main factors when selecting e-payment method †¢ Availability (bank system, laws and regulations) †¢ The consideration of size and type of business, type of a target group of consumers, types of products and services. The ability to provide security against fraudulent activity †¢ Being cost effective for low value transaction fees †¢ Being protective of the privacy of the users †¢ Easy to use, and being convenient for purchasing on the web based e-business Token-based E-Payment Systems Electronic tokens are the new financial instruments which are in the form of electronic cash/money or checks.Electronic tokens are same as cash that is backed by bank. They are of three types: 1. Cash or real-time ( e-cash) 2. Debit or Prepaid (smart cards, e-purses) 3. Credit or Postpaid (credit/debit cards, e-checks) E-cash Electronic cash is a consumer-oriented electronic payment. Though it replaces the cash but still cash is quite dominant form of payment for three reasons: 1. Lack of trust in banking system 2.Inefficient clearing and settlement of non-cash transaction 3. Negativ e real interest rates paid on bank deposit Advantages of cash over credit cards †¢ It is negotiable †¢ Cash is a legal tender †¢ Cash is a bearer instrument †¢ It need require bank account to operate †¢ No risk on the part of acceptor that the medium of exchange may not be good MBA-II, EBF (FT-204C) Unit-3, Study material compiled by Prof. Vanita Joshi, SOM, SIMS, Indore 2Properties of e-cash E-cash must have following four properties: Monetary values: Interoperability Retrievability Security E-cash in Action †¢ E-cash based on cryptographic systems called â€Å"digital signature† †¢ †¢ †¢ This method involves pair of two numeric keys (very large number or integer) that work in tandem (cycle): one for encoding and another for decoding. Message encoded with one numeric key can only be decoded with other numeric key and none other. The encoding key is kept private while the decoding key is made public. E-checks †¢ E-checks are a nother form of electronic tokens. †¢ †¢ A new electronic version of paper check. E-check is an instruction to a financial institution to pay a given amount of money to the payee. It is a specially formatted email message sent over the Internet. It contains as the same information as on paper based check. Check service providers PayByCheck (http://www. paybycheck. com) CyberSource (http://cybersource. com) Transaction Payment Sequence in E-check system Payer Transfer e-check Payee Deposit e-check Forward e-check for payer authentication Bank Accounting Server MBA-II, EBF (FT-204C) Unit-3, Study material compiled by Prof.Vanita Joshi, SOM, SIMS, Indore 3 Transaction Payment Sequence in E-check system †¢ Buyer must register with third party account server using electronic check. †¢ On receiving the check, the seller presents it to accounting server for verification and payment. †¢ The accounting system verifies the digital signature on the check. †¢ Proper ly signed and endorsed checks can be electronically exchanged between financial institutions through electronic clearing house. Advantages of E-Check †¢ They work in the same way as traditional checks. †¢ E-checks are suited for micro payments. Eliminate the need for expensive process reengineering and taking advantage of the banking industry. †¢ Financial risk is assumed by accounting server. †¢ E-checks create a float through third-party accounting server. They make money out of buyers and sellers transaction by providing deposit account. Difference b/w EFT and E-check †¢ In E-Cheque, electronic versions of the cheque are issued, received & processed. So, payee issues an E-Cheque for each payment. †¢ In EFT transfer automatic withdrawals are made for monthly bills or other fixed payments; no cheques are issued.Smart cards †¢ A smart card is a plastic card with an embedded microchip containing information about you. †¢ A smart card can store about 100 times the amount of information that a magnetic strip plastic card can store. †¢ A smart card contains private user information, such as financial facts, private encryption keys, account information, credit card numbers, health insurance information, etc. †¢ So far not successful in U. S. , but popular in Europe, Germany, Singapore and Japan to pay for public phone call, transportation.Mondex Smart Card †¢ Holds and dispenses electronic cash (Smart-card based, stored-value card) †¢ Developed by MasterCard International †¢ Requires specific card reader, called Mondex terminal, for merchant or customer to use card over Internet †¢ Supports micropayments and works both online and off-line at stores or over the telephone †¢ Secret chip-to-chip transfer protocol †¢ Loaded through ATM – ATM does not know transfer protocol; connects with secure device at bank MBA-II, EBF (FT-204C) Unit-3, Study material compiled by Prof. Vanita Joshi , SOM, SIMS, Indore Mondex Smart Card Processing Mondex Smart Card †¢ Disadvantages – Card carries real cash in electronic form, creating the possibility of theft – No deferred (overdue) payment as with credit cards – cash is dispensed immediately Types of Smart cards Smart cards are basically of two types: 1. Relationship-based Smart Cards 2. Electronic Purses and Debit Cards Relationship-based Smart Cards It is the enhancement of existing card services that offer customers far better options like: 1. Access to multiple accounts (debit, credit, e-cash) on one card. 2.Offer various functions ( cash access, bill payment, balance inquiry, fund transfer) 3. Multiple access options at multiple location using multiple access device (ATM, PC, PDA or screenphone etc) Electronic Purses and Debit Cards Electronic Purses or E- wallet are the smart cards embedded with programmable microchip that store sum of money instead of cash. Once a purse is loaded with money it require card reader vending machine which verifies its authenticity . Then after amount is deducted from balance. It shows the remaining balance on the card hence eliminate the small bill in busy stores.E-wallets when depleted can be recharged with money . MBA-II, EBF (FT-204C) Unit-3, Study material compiled by Prof. Vanita Joshi, SOM, SIMS, Indore 5 Credit cards-based e-payment system Credit Cards †¢ A credit card is a small plastic card issued to users dealing in e-commerce. Most credit cards are the same shape and size, as specified by the ISO 7810 standard. †¢ A credit card is different to a debit card in that it does not remove money from the user's account after every transaction. In the case of credit cards, the issuer lends money to the consumer (or the user) to be paid to the merchant.Credit cards-based e-payment system Customers who purchase any goods send their credit card details to the service provider involved and the credit card organization will handle thi s payment. Online credit card payment has following categories: 1. Payment using plain credit card details 2. Payments using encrypted credit card details 3. Payment using third-party verification Entities involved in Credit card Transaction Consumer (Buyer or Card holder) Merchant (Seller) Card Issuer (Consumers’ Bank) Acquirer or Principal (Merchant’s Bank) Card Association (Visa, Master Card etc) Third party processor How an Online Credit Transaction WorksEncryption and Credit cards Encryption process starts when credit card information is entered into a browser and sent securely over network between buyer to seller. Encryption process includes following steps: 1. Customer presents his credit card information securely to merchant. 2. Merchant validates the authenticity of card holder 3. Merchant relays this information to its bank or on-line card processor. MBA-II, EBF (FT-204C) Unit-3, Study material compiled by Prof. Vanita Joshi, SOM, SIMS, Indore 6 4. The bank r elays the information to customer’s bank for authorization approval 5.The customer’s bank returns the credit card , charge authentication and authorization to the merchant Processing Payment with Encrypted Third-party authorization and Credit cards In third party processing, consumer register with third party on the internet to verify emicrotransaction. The companies providing third party payment service on internet are: ( First Virtual) †¢ http://www. fv. com †¢ http://www. openmarket. com †¢ http://www. 2checkout. com/ †¢ http://www. paypal. com/ Payment can be made by credit card via clearing house.Online Third-Party Processor (OTPPs) has following steps for buying information online. 1. Consumer registers for an OTPP a/c that is backed by credit card. 2. To purchase customer request merchant by her OTPP account no. 3. Merchant then contact the OTPP payment server with customer’s account no. 4. OTPP payment server verifies the customerâ₠¬â„¢s account no. for vender (merchant) & checks for sufficient funds. 5. OTPP server send a message to buyer that can be responded back by buyer as ; yes/agree; No/disagree; fraud. 6.If OTPP gets ‘Yes’ from customer, merchant is informed & then customer is allowed to download material. MBA-II, EBF (FT-204C) Unit-3, Study material compiled by Prof. Vanita Joshi, SOM, SIMS, Indore 7 Online Payment Processing using a Third-party Processor Risk in using Credit cards †¢ Customer uses a stolen card or account number to fraudulently purchase goods or service online. †¢ Many people who will be on the Internet have not even had their first Web experience. †¢ Hackers find the ways into an e-commerce merchant’s payment processing system and then issue credits to hacker card account numbers. Many users are also likely to be younger and have less access to credit and debit cards †¢ Many purchases they make will be micropayments. †¢ Credit cards canno t be used for large sums of B2B transactions †¢ Customer falsely claims that he or she did not receive a shipment Limitations of Online Credit Card Payment Systems †¢ Security – neither merchant nor consumer can be fully authenticated. †¢ Cost – for merchants, around 3. 5% of purchase price plus transaction fee of 2030 cents per transaction. †¢ People living in rural areas don’t have same access to computers and Internet that others do. Social equity – many people do not have access to credit cards (young and old age), disabled, individuals who are not computer savvy and individuals who cannot afford cards ( poor credit risk). Designing Electronic Payment Systems Following criteria should be satisfied while designing any new E-payment System: 1. Privacy 6. Pricing 2. Security 7. Standards 3. Intuitive Interface 4. Database Integration 5. Brokers MBA-II, EBF (FT-204C) Unit-3, Study material compiled by Prof. Vanita Joshi, SOM, SIMS, Ind ore 8 Electronic Payment System UNIT – 3 Electronic Payment System Contents †¢ What is E-payment? †¢ Types of E-payment Systems †¢ Digital Token-based Electronic Payment Systems †¢ Smart Cards & Electronic Payment Systems †¢ Credit Card-based Electronic Payment Systems †¢ Risk & Electronic Payment Systems †¢ Designing Electronic Payment System What is E-payment ? †¢ E-payment systems is the mechanism of transferring money over the Internet and technology used in this transfer is called as EFT. EFT defined as â€Å" any transfer of fund initiated through an e-terminal, telephonic instrument, or computer or magnetic tape to order, instruct or authorize a financial institution to debit or credit an account. It is mostly used for Business to business (B2B) commerce where companies doing business together tend to use electronic data interchange (EDI) system to send each other bills and notices of payment. E-Payment †¢ Information online offline $Products/services Adva ntages of E-Payment †¢ †¢ †¢ Increase payment efficiency – Reduce transaction costs – Enable trade in goods and services of very low value Increase convenience of making payments – Payment can be made swiftly and remotely using various devices Can be used for – e-commerce / e-Trade – For other purposes like paying bills, taxes, etc MBA-II, EBF (FT-204C) Unit-3, Study material compiled by Prof. Vanita Joshi, SOM, SIMS, Indore 1Categories of EFT Banking and financial payments * Large-scale or wholesale payment * Small scale or retail payment * Home banking Retailing payments * Credit cards * Debit cards On-line electronic commerce payments * Token-based payment system ~ Electronic cash ~ Electronic checks ~ Smart cards or debit cards * Credit card-based payment systems ~ Encrypted credit cards ~ Third-party authorization numbers Main factors when selecting e-payment method †¢ Availability (bank system, laws and regulations) †¢ The consideration of size and type of business, type of a target group of consumers, types of products and services. The ability to provide security against fraudulent activity †¢ Being cost effective for low value transaction fees †¢ Being protective of the privacy of the users †¢ Easy to use, and being convenient for purchasing on the web based e-business Token-based E-Payment Systems Electronic tokens are the new financial instruments which are in the form of electronic cash/money or checks.Electronic tokens are same as cash that is backed by bank. They are of three types: 1. Cash or real-time ( e-cash) 2. Debit or Prepaid (smart cards, e-purses) 3. Credit or Postpaid (credit/debit cards, e-checks) E-cash Electronic cash is a consumer-oriented electronic payment. Though it replaces the cash but still cash is quite dominant form of payment for three reasons: 1. Lack of trust in banking system 2.Inefficient clearing and settlement of non-cash transaction 3. Negativ e real interest rates paid on bank deposit Advantages of cash over credit cards †¢ It is negotiable †¢ Cash is a legal tender †¢ Cash is a bearer instrument †¢ It need require bank account to operate †¢ No risk on the part of acceptor that the medium of exchange may not be good MBA-II, EBF (FT-204C) Unit-3, Study material compiled by Prof. Vanita Joshi, SOM, SIMS, Indore 2Properties of e-cash E-cash must have following four properties: Monetary values: Interoperability Retrievability Security E-cash in Action †¢ E-cash based on cryptographic systems called â€Å"digital signature† †¢ †¢ †¢ This method involves pair of two numeric keys (very large number or integer) that work in tandem (cycle): one for encoding and another for decoding. Message encoded with one numeric key can only be decoded with other numeric key and none other. The encoding key is kept private while the decoding key is made public. E-checks †¢ E-checks are a nother form of electronic tokens. †¢ †¢ A new electronic version of paper check. E-check is an instruction to a financial institution to pay a given amount of money to the payee. It is a specially formatted email message sent over the Internet. It contains as the same information as on paper based check. Check service providers PayByCheck (http://www. paybycheck. com) CyberSource (http://cybersource. com) Transaction Payment Sequence in E-check system Payer Transfer e-check Payee Deposit e-check Forward e-check for payer authentication Bank Accounting Server MBA-II, EBF (FT-204C) Unit-3, Study material compiled by Prof.Vanita Joshi, SOM, SIMS, Indore 3 Transaction Payment Sequence in E-check system †¢ Buyer must register with third party account server using electronic check. †¢ On receiving the check, the seller presents it to accounting server for verification and payment. †¢ The accounting system verifies the digital signature on the check. †¢ Proper ly signed and endorsed checks can be electronically exchanged between financial institutions through electronic clearing house. Advantages of E-Check †¢ They work in the same way as traditional checks. †¢ E-checks are suited for micro payments. Eliminate the need for expensive process reengineering and taking advantage of the banking industry. †¢ Financial risk is assumed by accounting server. †¢ E-checks create a float through third-party accounting server. They make money out of buyers and sellers transaction by providing deposit account. Difference b/w EFT and E-check †¢ In E-Cheque, electronic versions of the cheque are issued, received & processed. So, payee issues an E-Cheque for each payment. †¢ In EFT transfer automatic withdrawals are made for monthly bills or other fixed payments; no cheques are issued.Smart cards †¢ A smart card is a plastic card with an embedded microchip containing information about you. †¢ A smart card can store about 100 times the amount of information that a magnetic strip plastic card can store. †¢ A smart card contains private user information, such as financial facts, private encryption keys, account information, credit card numbers, health insurance information, etc. †¢ So far not successful in U. S. , but popular in Europe, Germany, Singapore and Japan to pay for public phone call, transportation.Mondex Smart Card †¢ Holds and dispenses electronic cash (Smart-card based, stored-value card) †¢ Developed by MasterCard International †¢ Requires specific card reader, called Mondex terminal, for merchant or customer to use card over Internet †¢ Supports micropayments and works both online and off-line at stores or over the telephone †¢ Secret chip-to-chip transfer protocol †¢ Loaded through ATM – ATM does not know transfer protocol; connects with secure device at bank MBA-II, EBF (FT-204C) Unit-3, Study material compiled by Prof. Vanita Joshi , SOM, SIMS, Indore Mondex Smart Card Processing Mondex Smart Card †¢ Disadvantages – Card carries real cash in electronic form, creating the possibility of theft – No deferred (overdue) payment as with credit cards – cash is dispensed immediately Types of Smart cards Smart cards are basically of two types: 1. Relationship-based Smart Cards 2. Electronic Purses and Debit Cards Relationship-based Smart Cards It is the enhancement of existing card services that offer customers far better options like: 1. Access to multiple accounts (debit, credit, e-cash) on one card. 2.Offer various functions ( cash access, bill payment, balance inquiry, fund transfer) 3. Multiple access options at multiple location using multiple access device (ATM, PC, PDA or screenphone etc) Electronic Purses and Debit Cards Electronic Purses or E- wallet are the smart cards embedded with programmable microchip that store sum of money instead of cash. Once a purse is loaded with money it require card reader vending machine which verifies its authenticity . Then after amount is deducted from balance. It shows the remaining balance on the card hence eliminate the small bill in busy stores.E-wallets when depleted can be recharged with money . MBA-II, EBF (FT-204C) Unit-3, Study material compiled by Prof. Vanita Joshi, SOM, SIMS, Indore 5 Credit cards-based e-payment system Credit Cards †¢ A credit card is a small plastic card issued to users dealing in e-commerce. Most credit cards are the same shape and size, as specified by the ISO 7810 standard. †¢ A credit card is different to a debit card in that it does not remove money from the user's account after every transaction. In the case of credit cards, the issuer lends money to the consumer (or the user) to be paid to the merchant.Credit cards-based e-payment system Customers who purchase any goods send their credit card details to the service provider involved and the credit card organization will handle thi s payment. Online credit card payment has following categories: 1. Payment using plain credit card details 2. Payments using encrypted credit card details 3. Payment using third-party verification Entities involved in Credit card Transaction Consumer (Buyer or Card holder) Merchant (Seller) Card Issuer (Consumers’ Bank) Acquirer or Principal (Merchant’s Bank) Card Association (Visa, Master Card etc) Third party processor How an Online Credit Transaction WorksEncryption and Credit cards Encryption process starts when credit card information is entered into a browser and sent securely over network between buyer to seller. Encryption process includes following steps: 1. Customer presents his credit card information securely to merchant. 2. Merchant validates the authenticity of card holder 3. Merchant relays this information to its bank or on-line card processor. MBA-II, EBF (FT-204C) Unit-3, Study material compiled by Prof. Vanita Joshi, SOM, SIMS, Indore 6 4. The bank r elays the information to customer’s bank for authorization approval 5.The customer’s bank returns the credit card , charge authentication and authorization to the merchant Processing Payment with Encrypted Third-party authorization and Credit cards In third party processing, consumer register with third party on the internet to verify emicrotransaction. The companies providing third party payment service on internet are: ( First Virtual) †¢ http://www. fv. com †¢ http://www. openmarket. com †¢ http://www. 2checkout. com/ †¢ http://www. paypal. com/ Payment can be made by credit card via clearing house.Online Third-Party Processor (OTPPs) has following steps for buying information online. 1. Consumer registers for an OTPP a/c that is backed by credit card. 2. To purchase customer request merchant by her OTPP account no. 3. Merchant then contact the OTPP payment server with customer’s account no. 4. OTPP payment server verifies the customerâ₠¬â„¢s account no. for vender (merchant) & checks for sufficient funds. 5. OTPP server send a message to buyer that can be responded back by buyer as ; yes/agree; No/disagree; fraud. 6.If OTPP gets ‘Yes’ from customer, merchant is informed & then customer is allowed to download material. MBA-II, EBF (FT-204C) Unit-3, Study material compiled by Prof. Vanita Joshi, SOM, SIMS, Indore 7 Online Payment Processing using a Third-party Processor Risk in using Credit cards †¢ Customer uses a stolen card or account number to fraudulently purchase goods or service online. †¢ Many people who will be on the Internet have not even had their first Web experience. †¢ Hackers find the ways into an e-commerce merchant’s payment processing system and then issue credits to hacker card account numbers. Many users are also likely to be younger and have less access to credit and debit cards †¢ Many purchases they make will be micropayments. †¢ Credit cards canno t be used for large sums of B2B transactions †¢ Customer falsely claims that he or she did not receive a shipment Limitations of Online Credit Card Payment Systems †¢ Security – neither merchant nor consumer can be fully authenticated. †¢ Cost – for merchants, around 3. 5% of purchase price plus transaction fee of 2030 cents per transaction. †¢ People living in rural areas don’t have same access to computers and Internet that others do. Social equity – many people do not have access to credit cards (young and old age), disabled, individuals who are not computer savvy and individuals who cannot afford cards ( poor credit risk). Designing Electronic Payment Systems Following criteria should be satisfied while designing any new E-payment System: 1. Privacy 6. Pricing 2. Security 7. Standards 3. Intuitive Interface 4. Database Integration 5. Brokers MBA-II, EBF (FT-204C) Unit-3, Study material compiled by Prof. Vanita Joshi, SOM, SIMS, Ind ore 8

Heres What I Know About Third Grade Writing

Here's What I Know About Third Grade Writing The Third Grade Writing Cover Up There's, naturally, a limit on the variety of pages even our finest writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but generally, we figure out how to satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. He then would write three paragraphs explaining the advantages of each power. Prewriting writers rarely rely on various elements of synchronization are highly nationalistic, thus a nation report. Therefore, it runs with terrific accuracy with no downtimes. Whenever you choose to ask us for skilled guidance, don't hesitate to speak to our support managers. Finally, another fantastic part of this project is its usage of technology. No issue, just tell us in the on-line registration procedure. A careful choice of terms accommodation support offered by way of the issue. Third Grade Writing Ideas They desire to find out more. Explain why it's so important to you. Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about an approaching deadline. Third Grade Writing Fundamentals Explained This is also a fantastic speaking activity! A number of these components might already be part of your classroom routine. You may decide to only model one or two depending upon your class. Noncount nouns are somewhat more severe the season. We'll manage them, and for a sensible price, as we understand that students typically don't have lots of money to spare. We can also appear at this work and see what students know and are ready to do at distinc t levels. In 3rd grade you'll probably see a considerable leap cognitively in your son or daughter, and as a consequence more will be expected of him at school. Students who don't pass the very first time have many opportunities to retake the OGT tests. The New Angle On Third Grade Writing Just Released If you want to print your own copy, just click the image. Consult your child questions regarding different data you collected and create a graph depending on the data. You may want to actually write pieces in front of them so that they'll observe the way to use the anchor charts as a support during their very own independent writing. Time to inspect the dictionary! Explain why it matters to your loved ones and the way you do the tradition. Explain why it's so vital for children to attend school. Play a favorite song one that the kids might already know. You may set your children up on computers or tablets, based on what works for you. You might need to look at how your k id is holding a pencil and offer handwriting worksheets for practice. The third grade social studies curriculum comprises numerous lessons, along with worksheets and quizzes, organized into various chapters. In Third Grade literature can grow to be a critical source to model decent writing, and an intelligent teacher will carefully select the books used as sources. Although the rubrics aren't explicitly made to be utilized as instructional resources, the department stipulates the writing rubrics ahead of time so that educators can prepare students for the writing section of the TNReady assessment. In some classrooms students may order copies of different classmates' books. Explain why it's essential for students to understand how to do math. Third Grade students differ from K-2 students in that they might not be as willing to bring an opportunity in their writing. They should be able to use the full 40 minutes if they have been carefully introduced to the Writer's Workshop f ramework and they have a clear understanding of the expectations. You might need to review the sections of speech so it is possible to stay informed about your third grader. This call-and-response becomes third grade students' attention and enables them know precisely what to do. The piece has gotten increasingly significant for all students. If You Read Nothing Else Today, Read This Report on Third Grade Writing Our world is continually getting more and more diverse, and the sum of men and women who speak Spanish in our nation is continually increasing. Asking questions is a superb means to help your child if she gets stuck. Explain the reason it is important to aid individuals who are less fortunate than us. Explain why other individuals should admire this individual. Now that cursive has produced a comeback, teachers start the school year by devoting one week to every letter and spending a couple of minutes daily in review. Your kid's assignments will be different, but you can anticipate a set of short sit-and-write assignments, in ad dition to longer projects that span weeks or months, giving students the opportunity to reflect and revise their work with time. As a consequence, students may devote a lengthy period of time like a two or three weeks, working on one writing piece. By the conclusion of the very first week the students and I've learned a good deal about each other. Once the organizers are modeled students can start to choose topics for a bit of opinion writing and start to plan the piece they are going to want to publish and share. Kids may delight in the tool so much they'll forget they're building their writing skills at precisely the same moment. Teaching the basics of writing can signify helping students understand the fundamentals of storytelling, but nevertheless, it may also boil to the mechanics of pencil on paper, or the nuts and bolts of touch typing and keyboarding abilities. Many students will require assistance organizing their ideas and ideas. Warren went on to develop into a somewhat fluent writer over the course of the following few months. Receive all the books it is possible to get your hands on. Find out more about the topic on the internet or in a book together and then make an informative piece, explaining a topic or the way to do something.

Beauty, Pornography, And Disability In Pig Tales - 1687 Words

Pig Tales is a book about beauty, pornography, and disability. The protagonist of the book is a white woman who is not able to speak clearly about herself and who feels isolated from the world around her. As a reader, the narrator s name is not told throughout the novel. However, she has two boyfriends throughout the book named Honore and Yvan. The narrator begins the book explaining how naming is important but is never able to speak about her own name and the experiences she has with self-image. The female narrator does not have a job and is offered a sales position at a perfume store one day. The owner explains The important thing is to look lovely and well groomed at all time (Darrieussecq, 1997). She then accepts the job and†¦show more content†¦The sow is not able to voice her thoughts and feelings ever and struggles with her beauty. She is constantly trying to be seen as attractive to her boyfriends and other people but it never really happens. The allusion is made ab out the sow where she talks about how it was becoming harder to use her hands and then was fired from her job because of this issue. She was not able to perform her job like she was before and developed a disability (Darrieussecq, 1997). Throughout the novel, Pig Tales, the narrator was very silent about her life and did not want to be open about herself. The author Darrieussecq was trying to explain throughout Pig Tales that these nameless women s voices are often silent and not heard (Darrieussecq, 1997). Pig Tales can relate to feminism in many ways. Some ways that the novel relates to feminism are body image, sexuality and relationships, women s rights, inequality in the workplace, and race and class. First body image relates to Pig Tales in many ways. When the narrator first started her job at the perfume store, she was not big or the size of a pig. She was beautiful and the owner explained to her that the goal of this job was to come in every day and look very nice and put tog ether. However, as the woman began becoming comfortable with her job and lifestyle she started to put on some weight. People then began judging her and was probably one of the reasons her boyfriend Honore left her to be homeless. Her job was

Essay on Effects of Technology on Education - 1563 Words

Tabatha MacDougall Effects of Technology on Education 12/11/2011 Abstract Technology is used in classrooms today and has both positive and negative effects on both students and teachers. I want to show in my paper how technology is not a substitute for a good teacher. Technology must be well implanted by a good teacher to be successful. Computers do not give successful teaching. I start out by discussing the positive effects on teachers and students, in my paper. I then debate the use of technology and its effects on traditional teaching methods. Lastly, I concluded with negative impacts technology has on the teachers and the students. By doing this, I will show while technology is important it is only a tool to educating students.†¦show more content†¦Technology can take away from the creativity in both the teachers and the students according to Cheng et al. (2011). Technology does the â€Å"thinking† for both the students and the teacher. Teachers that are not well trained in using technology in the classroom actually take away from t eaching time. Not knowing how to use technology properly takes away from valuable teaching time in the classroom. This is another downfall of using technology in the classroom. Proper training, planning and a good balance is essential to implementing technology in the classroom (Jamil et al., 2011). Technology does not work for every student. Online schools in particular do not work for all students; it sets most of them up for failure. Many students need that direct instruction from teachers. They do not have the self-discipline or the learning style (specifically kinetic) that is needed to succeed in online learning. Since technology is only a tool and content knowledge alone is not enough to transform education, great teachers must be able to call on repertoire of methods and reformed pedagogy† (Cheng amp; Swanson, 2011 p. 18). Many students need that direct instruction from a teacher. Students also need social interaction, adult supervision, and self-discipline. Stud ents do not get these needed skills and values from technology,Show MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Technology On Education1377 Words   |  6 Pages Amidst the past several decades technology has become a crucial organ, advancing our world to great discoveries and knowledge. It has opened doors to what some may have found impossible only one hundred years ago, but the progress of technology seems to have run into a road block. Inadequate education of high school graduates and suffocation of creativity has become a problem all over America. 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Technology is seen as an important tool in today’s world where most of the affairs such as business, education and networking are done using technological devices. Malaysia, being a developing country, is trying to keep the pace with other advanced countries like the United State of America, Canada and Japan in which the Government are trying to implement an innovative education systemRead MoreEffects Of Technology On Education824 Words   |  4 PagesIs technology a horrible thing to use in the education environment? Some schoolboards would like to see their school’s test scores ranking increase each year. When the test score ranking increase, it will allow some new teachers and scholars to join their school district. Some parts of the world use technology to increase education. For example, some school districts have the highest score ranking in their state by using technology in the classroom. 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Well this topic has people wondering whether education has benefited or has suffered from technolog mostly because they believe it can help while at the same time think it could be a risk. Levels of education such as elementary and high school have severely changed due to technology along withRead MoreThe Effects Of Technology On Students Attitudes Education Essay1995 Words   |  8 PagesTechnology Has Positive Effects On Students Attitudes Education Technology has evolved and grown rapidly. This is the reason why technology plays a major role in modern life that affects all the aspect of human activities. Therefore, our societies get a lot of benefits from modern technology. Universities and colleges for example have so many facilities. Such as labs with sophisticated computer devices, internet connections with high speed, projectors and smart boards. Using these developed toolsRead MoreThe Positive Effects of Technology in Education Essays3020 Words   |  13 PagesAbstract As technology expands into homes and businesses around the world, this paper looks at how schools will also benefit from its integration. With the â€Å"No Child Left Behind Act† as a guide to challenging new standards, schools need to look at the different types of technology available to them now and how it will benefit not only the students but also what this could mean for instructors and administrators too. In order to meet the ever changing needs of the economies technology, the responsibilityRead More Technology and Language in Education: The Effect of New Technology on Teaching Languages1539 Words   |  7 PagesTechnology and Language in Education: The Effect of New Technology on Teaching Languages Annie Moore, a 15-year-old girl from Ireland arrived at Ellis Island in New York City on January 1, 1892. She was the first immigrant to come to that United States immigration station, but she was certainly not the last. According to the U.S. Census Bureau (2000), 28.4 million of the 285.2 million US residents in 2000 were foreign-born. With such a large amount of our population being foreign-born, the

How Does William Shakespeare introduce the themes of love and hate in Romeo and Juliet Free Essays

In Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare shows beautifully constructed language in the Prologue and Act 1:1 to illustrate the love of the `star crossed lovers` and the hatred shared from the Capulet’s and the Montague’s, the ongoing rivalry over something feeble enough that it doesn’t even need to be explained of how it came about. Throughout the play, we see how the love collides with the hate in a way that teaches the two households how imbecilic the situation is. Not only has Shakespeare used elegant language, but he has also used a number of techniques to present the key themes. We will write a custom essay sample on How Does William Shakespeare introduce the themes of love and hate in Romeo and Juliet? or any similar topic only for you Order Now The prologue, something that is already usually written as a love poem, has been interpreted in many different ways and as I read the script, I even think of other ways it could be displayed. The Prologue is traditionally 14 lines long, each line holding roughly 10 syllables each. â€Å"Two households, both alike in dignity.† The Rhyming scheme is A, B, A, B, C, D, C, D, E, F, E, F, G, G (the last lines ending on a rhyming couplet). There are four sections in the Prologue (traditionally in a sonnet), but Shakespeare has written it in a particular way so that it can be broken down into three sections. The different sections establish different things. The first one introduces the setting of the play â€Å"In fair Verona (where we lay our scene)† This shows the Prologue as being some sort of a trailer for the play. The next section familiarizes the plot and also involves some conflict into the story: the hate of the two households mixed with the love of the two teenagers. â€Å"Doth with their death bury their parents’ strife.† This automatically throws caution to the audience and turns Romeo and Juliet from a regular play, into a love tragedy. Shakespeare allegedly wrote 37 plays and they have been broken down into three categories: Comedy, Historical and Tragedy. Tragedy is very affective because of the dramatic effects that can be produced from it. Shakespeare was masterful at involving different dramatic effects through techniques. A key contrast of tragedy and comedy is that the tragedy’s main characters are often portrayed as very heroic and selfless ones, as to add the sense of seriousness to the script, whereas with his comedy plays, this of course did not matter. One of Shakespeare’s techniques can be easily found in the Prologue and is reoccurring in Act 1:1 is the use of Oxymorons. An oxymoron is a phrase, usually two words placed next to each other in a sentence where the two words are usually contradictory. Oxymoron is an oxymoron in itself, for the oxy is Greek for sharp and moron is Greek for dull. An example of an oxymoron in the Prologue is: â€Å"The fearful passage of their death-marked love† The final section of the Prologue states that the decease of the â€Å"star-crossed lovers† that are Romeo and Juliet is the only way to end the rivalry. â€Å"Which but their children’s end nought could remove.† The final three lines of this tantalising opening to the play are talking directly to the audience: â€Å"The which if you with patient ears attend.† This enforces the idea of the Prologue being a trailer even more. The originally chorus spoken Prologue has been interpreted in many different ways. In Franco Zeffirelli’s 1968 version, the film opens with the Prologue being narrated. This is delivered calmly, as to give the fight as more of an jolt to the audience afterwards. Baz Luhrmann first presents the Prologue as a news report. This gives off a modern day equivalent of the Prologue, showing instantly how Luhrmann has decided to direct the film. After the news report, the prologue is repeated as an over voice. The voice gives off the same omniscient feel as in Franco Zeffirelli’s version as it has been placed in the hands of Friar Lawrence. This is a cleverly picked character, as it is one who has an alliance with God, and therefore appears even more Godly. The Prologue is such a crucial element to the script, as it outlines the entire play and foreshadows future events; therefore the way different productions have presented is very important. Act 1:1 starts with Samson and Gregory in `a public place`, acting jokily and being troublesome. This is apparent from when `two serving men` from the house of Montague enter. Different interpretations of the characters entrances symbolize what the directors see the characters as. In Luhrmann’s version, the Montague’s and Capulet’s are described as the â€Å"boys† giving the sense that the rivalry and arguments of the two households are pretty petty and childish. The `Montague Boys` act in a childish way themselves, which creates a great contrast to the other, deadly serious half of the scene. It also makes a huge contrast to the Capulets when they enter. Their characters are shown as unsympathetic, merciless and ruthless men. Luhrmann again represents the modern day version by setting the fight in a petrol station. Zeffirelli’s version is much more minimalist. The entire scene is set in a market, where Sampson and Gregory and striding through arrogantly. As the two households meet eyes, each character’s obnoxiousness increases. â€Å"Do you bite your thumb at us, sir?† â€Å"I do bite my thumb, sir.† This quarrel between Abram and Sampson opens the argument, unraveling the entire scene. Benvolio (a Montague), enters an argument and as Tybalt confronts, the fight commences. It is soon called to a halt, as the Prince arrives and attempts to make himself heard. Again, in this speech, Shakespeare uses something similar to an oxymoron – an antithesis. This is where the opposite words aren’t necessarily placed together. He uses this is in the first line of his speech: â€Å"Rebellious subjects, enemies to peace.† â€Å"Profaners of this neighbor-stained steel† This is referring to their swords. This measly attempt to end a fight that has developed so greatly has failed, and so he tries again. Here we find another technique of Shakespeare. â€Å"Purple fountains issuing from your veins† Here he has used `fountains` as a metaphor for blood. A fountain, where water is provided, water is a traditional symbol of the source of life, so a fountain of blood is now transformed into an image of horror. Shakespeare also describes the quarreling households as `beasts` to denote his anger and how confused he is of such beastliness of them (this emotion is greatly shared with Romeo later in the play). â€Å"Throw your mistemper’d weapons to the ground.† The weapons are â€Å"mistempered† in the sense that they are angry, that is, used by angry men. In the Prince’s speech, we encounter the first talk of past encounters of Montague and Capulet: â€Å"Have thrice disturb’d the quiet of our streets.† The â€Å"disturbance† has prevented any peace for the two households, but throughout the entire play there is not any word of how the disturbance came about to begin with. However, there are clues as to what it could be. For example, there is a running theme of religion throughout the play, with the powerful character of Father Laurence and the religious attitudes of the households, with the church being a reoccurring set; could religion be the reason for the rivalry? When the fight had been calmed by the Prince and when the air was cleared, Lady Montague asked: â€Å"O where is Romeo? Saw you him today?† Romeo, one who has not been involved in this `quarrel` in anyway, is still pining over his current love: Rosaline. As Romeo enters the scene, he is filled with love. As he talks with Benvolio, thoroughly disappointed with the fight that had just occurred, through Shakespeare, oxymorons are reintroduced. Romeo does not comprehend the ongoing rivalry, the torment and hatred and so he says: â€Å"Feather of lead, bright smoke, cold fire, sick health† This is poetically used to contrast the household’s violence to his love for Rosaline. As the plot moves on, the love for Rosaline is replaced by Juliet, where the love is much greater, and as the love grows, uncannily, the rivalry grows at the same scale. The theme of Romeo’s hastiness is clear as he jumps from love to love, and again clear as he rushes into marriage with Juliet. Romeo and Juliet has such a big mixture of emotions because it has three excessive themes that all join in together ruining the paths of each character. These themes are: tragedy, romance and rivalry and they keep Shakespeare’s most familiar tragedy one of the most interesting and enchanting script of all time. How to cite How Does William Shakespeare introduce the themes of love and hate in Romeo and Juliet?, Papers

Elie Wiesel free essay sample

A Personal Encounter at the Hands of Indifference Nobel Peace Prize winner, renowned scholar, and author of over fifty books, Elie Wiesel is a name with worldwide recognition. In addition to his literary and scholarly accomplishments, Wiesel is also recognized as an eminent champion and defender of human rights for both the work he has done in the field, as well as his own status as a Holocaust survivor (â€Å"Elie Wiesel†). Wiesel believes indifference, or the lack of sympathy towards others, as being the devastating culprit in dividing humanity. In this rhetorical analysis of Wiesel’s speech â€Å"The Perils of Indifference† I will explain how Wiesel uses the concepts of ethos, logos, pathos, and other rhetorical devices to make this a powerful and timeless speech in hopes to eliminate indifference in the next millennium to come. Elie Wiesel delivered his speech, The Perils of Indifference, on April 22, 1999, at the White House as a part of the Millennium Lecture Series, hosted by President and First Lady Clinton. In his speech, Wiesel expounds on the meanings and repercussions of human indifference. He uses his own personal story as a holocaust survivor to expose this. The purpose of this speech is to encourage people everywhere to abandon indifference in the face of crisis, now and forever. Wiesel seeks to accomplish this goal by expressing his own, distinct definition of indifference as being â€Å"more dangerous than anger and hatred not only a sin, it is a punishment. † He constructs his definition around some of the most tragic results of indifference over the past century, including his own as a Holocaust survivor, by sharing his experience as a Nazi internment camp prisoner, and the ways it has affected his life. Ethos is a tool of rhetoric used to help give a piece of literature it’s credibility. Experience can be a major part in determining ethos, which is exactly how Wiesel accomplished his own credibility in this speech. It was 1944, when 15 year-old Wiesel, his parents, three sisters, and all  the other Jews in his small hometown were rounded up and transported like livestock, to Auschwitz, a death camp (Schleier, 68). Wiesel draws upon his experience in the Holocaust as a central reference point to the case he is making against indifference. By doing this, he justifies his credibility as a speaker. In Wiesel’s speech, he addresses the United States’ current relationship in Kosovo. Kosovo had been involved in a civil war for ten years prior to this speech (Eun-Kyung). He uses he expertise, another ethos technique, to thank President Clinton for taking action to aide Kosovo, ultimately eliminating indifference towards Kosovo’s need for help. Wiesel acknowledges Clinton’s action by saying, â€Å"But this time, the world was not silent. This time, we do respond. This time, we intervene. † Logos is the cause-and-effect or reasoning found in a piece of literature. Logos helps in the anchorage of a text in order to validate and confirm the point an author is trying to make. Wiesel gives examples of his firsthand observations that he encountered at the concentration camps. He and his father were both immediately put to work as slave labor for a nearby factory. Wiesel? s daily life was characterized by starvation, vicious discipline, and the battle against overwhelming despair. The MS St. Louis was vessel carrying almost a thousand Jewish people from Germany to the U. S. in order to escape the horror story most of their lives had turned into. Wiesel talks about indifference here in his speech when he says, â€Å"The depressing tale of the St. Louis is a case in point. Sixty years ago, its human cargo nearly 1,000 Jews was turned back to Nazi Germany. † When the vessel had reached U. S. soil, Franklin D. Roosevelt sent the ship back to Germany, exemplifying indifference taking place. Wiesel addresses the hope he had that the U. S. was unaware of the conditions that Wiesel, his family, and thousands of other Jewish people were living in. However, Wiesel later found out that the U. S. knew about what Nazi Germany was doing and still remained to do business with Germany until 1942, which harshly confirms how indifference, once again, reigned over compassion towards others. Wiesel says with sadness, â€Å"And now we knew, we learned, we discovered that the Pentagon knew, the State Department knew. † When Wiesel addresses the lack of Roosevelt’s compassion and his bouts of indifference in the Holocaust, you see how disappointed, confused, and how hurt Wiesel felt: â€Å"Roosevelt was a good man, with a heart. He understood those who needed help. Why didnt he allow these refugees to disembark? A thousand people in America, the great country, the greatest democracy, the most generous of all new nations in modern history. What happened? I dont understand. Why the indifference, on the highest level, to the suffering of the victims? † The emotion that shines through in this passage shows pathos, or the emotion, which influences a text. In another part of his speech, Wiesel says: â€Å"If they knew, we thought, surely those leaders would have moved heaven and earth to intervene. They would have spoken out with great outrage and conviction. They would have bombed the railways leading to Birkenau, just the railways, just once. † This shows how disappointed Wiesel was that other people were allowing these types of situations to occur without trying to intervene or help. This exhibits Wiesel’s belief that indifference achieves nothing but disappointment among others. Wiesel tries to instill fear and guilt in the audience when he talks about the future of our children. He questions here how we can let indifference shape the lives of innocent children by saying: â€Å"What about the children? Oh, we see them on television, we read about them in the papers, and we do so with a broken heart. Their fate is always the most tragic, inevitably. When adults wage war, children perish. We see their faces, their eyes. Do we hear their pleas? Do we feel their pain, their agony? Every minute one of them dies of disease, violence, famine. † By ending his speech with a statement that is emotionally related to so many different people, it leaves an inevitable impression on the audience. His speech offers a unique perspective of the ramifications of indifference, which is accented by the calm yet stern tone of voice, coupled with a discomforted feeling about the future. The tone of Wiesel’s voice helps highlight other rhetorical devices used throughout his speech. When Wiesel delivered his speech, he wasn’t preaching or yelling. It was almost as if he was telling a story, which made the speech more compelling to the audience. He starts off the speech with a statement that is similar to what you read if you were opening a storybook. Wiesel begins by saying, â€Å"Fifty-four years ago to the day, a young Jewish boy from a small town in the Carpathian Mountains woke up, not far from Goethes beloved Weimar, in a place of eternal infamy called Buchenwald. † He narrates this story, but also serves as the main character. By doing this, Wiesel makes his speech more persuasive because he shares his own experience from the suffering of indifference. Wiesel used repetition in his speech in order to exaggerate the power that indifference has. â€Å"Indifference elicits no response. Indifference is not a response. Indifference is not a beginning; it is an end. † This technique helps reiterate the point he is trying to make by overly defining what indifference means. By using ethos, logos, pathos and other rhetorical devices, I have been able to show how Wiesel has effectively demonstrated the havoc indifference has caused the human race in our history, yet is still present today. As a longtime fan of his writing, his name instantly caught my eye when searching for a speech to analyze, which is why I chose to analyze â€Å"The Perils of Indifference†. Using Wiesel’s speech as my foundation, I hope this paper helps acknowledge why diminishing indifference is detrimental for the present, but most importantly, our future. By bringing all of these theories together in this analysis, I feel as though I have been able to thoroughly support my main contention in this speech that Elie Wiesel? s message is timeless and is told timelessly, in efforts to stand up and fight against indifference. While it may just be one group of people experiencing injustice at the hands of indifference at different points in time, it will always be out there as a threat to all of us until it is forever a thing of the past. Works Cited â€Å"Elie Wiesel. † Elie Wiesel Foundation. The Elie Wiesel Foundation for Humanity. Web Eun-Kyung, Kim. This time [Kosovo] the world was not silent, notes Wiesel. Jerusalem Post, The (Israel). 14 Apr. 1999. NewsBank Archives. Web. Schleier, Curt. â€Å"Why Elie Wiesel Can Never Forget. † Biography Magazine, September (1999): 68. Academic Search Premier. Web.

Segregation and Discrimination in My Left Foot

This is a touching movie, and most people who have watched it will agree that the levels of commitment that are exhibited by the family members towards Christy Brown despite his disabilities are relatively high. In that era, the fact that most individuals who suffered from diseases such as cerebral palsy were institutionalized was quite depressing. It meant that the individuals encountered a lot of segregation and discrimination, and they were never given an opportunity to stay with their family members or to display their talents.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Segregation and Discrimination in My Left Foot specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The case of Christy Brown is one such example that shows that a person with disabilities can do many things. This is because Christy Brown is given the chance to stay with his family, and in due course, he shows how talented he is by making use of the only part of his body th at he can control, which is his left foot. This proved that individuals with the disease could do many things like the way Christy Brown painted with his foot. It is just that they never had the chance to stay with people who love them, thus encouraging them to show case their talents. The movie encourages people who have family members who are suffering from the condition to show them love, and offer them extra care since they are not altogether retarded. In the case of Christy Brown, his family members imagined that he was retarded, yet he was not. He managed to use his foot to communicate by writing on the ground, which stunned his family. The stigma that most people have about people with cerebral palsy ought to be done away with. There is a lot to be taught about the disease. The people who suffer from cerebral palsy can be taught how and encouraged to control their bodies including speech and muscle control. The most intriguing aspect about the movie is the love that the famil y members exhibit towards Christy Brown. His mother shows exceptional love and so does the rest of the family. The movie also shows how individuals suffering from cerebral palsy have emotions such as love and hate. This is depicted when Christy falls in love with Dr. Eileen, who was his doctor. She had introduced him to a new program that had been launched for people with cerebral palsy. He shows severe levels of depression when she declares that she is going to marry someone else. Christy Brown is portrayed as a very emotional character who attempts to commit suicide, due to the heartbreak that he underwent when the woman he loved married someone else. However, the movie shows the great lengths that a family can go to in order to ensure that the family members’ interests are taken care of, and no harm comes their way. The way that Christy Brown grew up plays a significant role in molding his life. Christy Brown’s life was markedly influenced by the way that he grew up . He was considered as part of the gang. It made him confident, and he felt like a normal child although he had cerebral palsy. Christy was also able to work and earn money when his father died by writing an autobiography that managed to bring in income for the family. The movie shows that there is much more to individuals with cerebral palsy than meets the eyes.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This essay on Segregation and Discrimination in My Left Foot was written and submitted by user Kyra T. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.