Foundations of Research Inquiry In Health Manipulation checks

Question: Describe about the Foundations Of Research Inquiry In Health? Answer: Internal validity: Internal validity is considered as the parameter to measure how well the experiment is done, especially whether the research avoids confounding. Confounding is more than one possible causes (independent variables), which can act at the same time. It is found that the higher chance for confounding in a study, the lesser its internal validity is. Therefore, internal validity refers to how a research allows a researcher to choose among alternate explanations of something. A research study with fewer confounds possess high internal validity and let the researcher choose one explanation with confidence. Such an example is if an organization decides to hike the pay for the workers, then the researchers have to be confident that no other reason (competition, motivation, personality, etc.) except the pay hike (variable) will result in the hard work. Experimental design: Experimental design is considered as sophisticated and scientific research method. It is also defined as observation under controlled conditions. This research design is concerned with the effect of dependent and independent variables in a research study where the independent variables can be manipulated by interventions and treatment. This experiment design is different from other research designs as it considers both dependent and independent variables as well consider the interventions to manipulate the independent variables. However, in other research methods, both dependent and independent variables are not always consider for the research purpose. Social threats to internal validity: The internal validity indicates the confinement of the one variable for the research. However, social interaction with the research study can have a potential threat to the result of the research study. The social threat arises as the social research is conducted in real world, where the reaction of the people directly affects the research outcome. The worst impact of the social threats could invalidate the outcome of the study. The major social threats include- Imitation Treatment Imitation treatment took place when a comparison group came to know about the program, indirectly or directly from group program participant." Compensatory Rivalry In this case, the comparison group came to know details about the program group and automatically develop a competitive attitude with them. Resentful Demoralization Like compensatory rivalry, in this case, the comparison group came to know about the program group but despite developing a rivalry, they become discouraged and angry, which is also known as "screw you" effect. Compensatory Equalization Only this threat involves the people in administration than the participants. In this case, the higher authority changes the participants position and can cause bias. Maturation, History and Mortality threats to internal validity History: From previous researches, it is found that events outside the study may affect the responses of the participants and experimental procedures. Maturation: Subjects can be changed during the research study or between the measurements. Mortality: This condition takes place when a large number of participants drop out from the experiment. Manipulation checks and demand characteristics Manipulation checks: It helps to measure whether the manipulation has intended impact on the interest variables. Demand characteristics: These are the research aspects, which allow a participant to guess the research hypothesis.